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Cancer Prevention: What Can You Do?

Written by Ashlee (Nikki) Nejtek | Jul 5, 2024 7:10:41 PM

Cancer remains a prevalent health concern globally, with an estimated 1,958,310 new cases expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2024. This statistic underscores the reality that cancer affects many individuals either directly or indirectly. Whether you are battling cancer, supporting a loved one with the disease, or striving to reduce your risk, understanding cancer and its prevention is crucial.

What is Cancer?

Cancer is not a single disease but a collection of over 100 related diseases. It begins when cells in the body start to divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues. The development of cancer can be influenced by genetic factors, exposure to carcinogens, and lifestyle choices. Common types of cancer include carcinomas, sarcomas, leukemia, and melanomas.

Genetic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes primarily drive the uncontrollable division of cells, leading to tumor formation. While only 5-10% of cancers are hereditary, the majority are due to environmental exposures and lifestyle factors. Major risk factors include smoking, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, certain chemicals, and carcinogenic viruses.

Cancer in the United States

Cancer accounts for approximately 25% of all deaths in the U.S. annually. Prostate cancer is the most common in men, while breast cancer is the most common in women. Leukemia is frequently diagnosed in children and teenagers. Here's a breakdown of cancer prevalence by gender:

Cancers in Women

  • Breast Cancer: 30%
  • Lung Cancer: 13%
  • Colorectal Cancer: 8%
  • Uterine Cancer: 7%
  • Thyroid Cancer: 4%
  • Other Cancers: 38%

Cancers in Men

  • Prostate Cancer: 27%
  • Lung Cancer: 14%
  • Colorectal Cancer: 8%
  • Bladder Cancer: 7%
  • Skin Melanoma: 6%
  • Other Cancers: 38%

Cancer Prevention Tips

Adopting healthy habits and lifestyle changes can significantly reduce cancer risk. Here are some key strategies:

1. Quit Smoking

Tobacco use is the leading cause of cancer worldwide. Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke can dramatically decrease your risk. According to the American Cancer Society, smoking is responsible for about 30% of all cancer deaths in the U.S., including 80% of lung cancer deaths. Resources such as nicotine replacement therapy, prescription medications, and support groups can be invaluable in helping you quit.

2. Protect Yourself from the Sun

Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid tanning beds to prevent skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun and tanning beds is a major cause of skin cancer. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Regularly check your skin for any changes and consult a dermatologist for any concerns.

3. Eat a Healthy Diet

Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit red meat, processed foods, and high-fat, high-sugar foods. A Mediterranean diet, which includes healthy fats like olive oil and nuts, is particularly beneficial for reducing cancer risk. Studies have shown that individuals following a Mediterranean diet have a 10-20% lower risk of developing cancer.

4. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity is linked to several types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, and kidney cancer. Regular physical activity and a balanced diet can help maintain a healthy weight. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days per week.

5. Limit Alcohol Intake

Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of various cancers, including breast, liver, and colon cancer. To reduce this risk, the American Cancer Society recommends limiting alcohol to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

6. Get Vaccinated

Certain cancers, such as cervical cancer, can be prevented through vaccination. The HPV vaccine is effective in preventing infections that can lead to cancer. The CDC recommends the HPV vaccine for boys and girls at ages 11-12, but it can be given as early as age 9 and up to age 45.

7. Regular Screenings

Early detection through regular screenings can significantly improve cancer outcomes. Mammograms, colonoscopies, and other screenings are vital for early diagnosis. The American Cancer Society provides guidelines on the appropriate screening schedules for different types of cancer based on age and risk factors.

8. Avoid Risky Behaviors

Practice safe sex and avoid sharing needles to reduce the risk of infections that can lead to cancer, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B and C.

Breast Cancer Awareness

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women and a leading cause of cancer death. Awareness and early detection are key to improving survival rates.

The Hard Facts

  • Incidence: 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer.
  • Mortality: Approximately 42,170 women are expected to die from breast cancer in the U.S. in 2024.
  • Risk Factors: Being female and aging are the most significant risk factors. Other factors include genetics, hormonal factors, and lifestyle choices.

Signs & Symptoms

  • Lump in the breast or armpit
  • Change in breast size or shape
  • Nipple discharge or inversion
  • Skin changes on the breast

Prevention & Treatment

  • Prevention: Maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, limit alcohol, avoid smoking, and get regular screenings. Breastfeeding, even for a few months, can also lower breast cancer risk.
  • Treatment: Options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy, depending on the cancer type and stage. Advances in treatment, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, offer new hope for better outcomes.

Is BBQ Killing You?

Barbecue season raises concerns about carcinogens formed during high-temperature cooking. HCAs and PAHs are chemicals created when meat is cooked at high temperatures, posing a potential cancer risk.

How to Reduce Risks

  • Cook at Lower Temperatures: Grill on medium-high heat and avoid charring. Use a meat thermometer to ensure food is cooked safely without burning.
  • Marinate Meats: Marinades can reduce HCA formation. Ingredients like vinegar, lemon juice, and herbs are particularly effective.
  • Choose Lean Meats: Less fat reduces PAH production. Trim excess fat before grilling.
  • Grill Vegetables: Vegetables do not form HCAs and PAHs when grilled, making them a safer and healthier option.

Additional Tips

  • Use Foil or Grilling Mats: These can help prevent fat from dripping onto the heat source, reducing PAH formation.
  • Pre-Cook Meats: Partially cook meat in the microwave or oven before grilling to reduce grilling time and carcinogen formation.
  • Clean Your Grill: Regularly cleaning your grill can help reduce the buildup of carcinogenic residues.

By making informed lifestyle choices and adopting preventive measures, you can significantly reduce your cancer risk and contribute to a healthier future. For more information, consult reliable sources like the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute.

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